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CPAP mask types: nasal vs nasal pillows vs full face vs under-the-nose

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There are four CPAP mask types to know: the nasal mask, nasal pillows, the full face mask and the under-the-nose full face mask, sometimes called a hybrid. They differ in where the cushion seals, and that decides what each one asks of your face, your breathing and your sleep. This page explains the differences so you know which types to ask your supplier about.

Open the fit finder

The four CPAP mask typesFour faces wearing the four mask types. Nasal mask: a cushion over the nose. Nasal pillows: two soft prongs at the nostrils. Full face: a cushion over the nose and mouth from the bridge of the nose to below the lower lip. Under-the-nose full face: a cushion over the mouth that seals under the nose.Nasal maskover or under the noseNasal pillowsat the nostrilsFull facenose and mouthUnder-the-nosefull face, mouth + nose base
Fig. 1The four types on the same face. Nasal mask: a cushion over the nose. Nasal pillows: two soft prongs at the nostrils. Full face: a cushion over the nose and mouth. Under-the-nose full face: a cushion over the mouth that seals under the nose.

CPAP mask types at a glance

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) sums it up: “The CPAP mask may cover only your nose or both your nose and mouth. Another option is to use nasal pillows, which fit in your nostrils. Some other masks fit snugly under your nose.” Whatever the type, “the mask must make a seal in order to keep your airway open through the night”[1].

The AASM and the makers count three types and put the under-the-nose mask with the full face masks: Fisher & Paykel describes full face masks as sealing “directly around or under the nose and mouth”[2]. We list it on its own because its seal sits in a different place, which matters for glasses and for the bridge of the nose.

Nasal mask

Covers the nose or sits under it, and leaves the mouth free. The AASM calls it “the most common type of CPAP mask”[1]. Fisher & Paykel lists the people who may prefer one: active sleepers, people who feel claustrophobic in a full face mask, people with a beard or goatee (“but not a moustache”), people who breathe through the nose when they sleep, and people who prefer to sleep on their side[3].

Nasal pillows

Soft prongs “that fit directly into the nostrils”[2]. The AASM notes they “may help if you have air leaks or don’t like the feeling of a mask over your nose and face”[1]. Because the seal is inside the nostrils, one of Fisher & Paykel’s questions to ask yourself is whether the insides of your nostrils are sensitive[2].

Full face mask

Sits over the mouth and nose, with straps typically around the head and chin[4]. The AASM says this type “may help if you have air leaks when using a nasal mask”[1]. The cushion usually runs over the bridge of the nose, so it covers the most of your face of the four.

Under-the-nose full face (hybrid)

Covers the mouth and seals under the nose. The AASM describes a full face mask that “may sit under your nose and cover your mouth”[1]. The bridge of the nose stays clear, so there is nothing where glasses rest.

Questions to ask yourself first

Fisher & Paykel says choosing a mask “can come down to personal preference” and suggests these questions[2]:

  • Do I breathe through my nose, mouth (or both) while sleeping?
  • Are the insides of my nostrils sensitive?
  • Will I feel claustrophobic if I have something covering or sitting on my face?
  • Is the mask easy to clean and assemble?

Its fitting article adds that “there’s no one mask that’s best for everyone”[4]. The fit finder asks these questions and a few more (sleeping position, facial hair, glasses) and shows which types each answer points toward and why. The mask quiz asks them one at a time.

Nasal pillow vs full face

Nasal pillows

  • Seal at the entrance of the nostrils.
  • The least of the four on your face.
  • Nose only: they rely on breathing through the nose.
  • Nothing on the bridge of the nose.

Full face mask

  • Seals around the nose and mouth.
  • The most of the four on your face.
  • Covers the mouth, so an open mouth stays inside the seal.
  • The cushion usually runs over the bridge of the nose.

These two sit at opposite ends. If something on your face makes you feel closed in, Fisher & Paykel’s troubleshooting guide says you may be better suited to a nasal, nasal cradle or nasal pillows mask, which have less facial coverage[5]. If your mouth opens at night, the same guide notes that mouth breathers can get air in the stomach (aerophagia) with nasal masks and suggests considering a change of mask style or a chin strap[5]. Our guide for mouth breathers covers that case.

Nasal mask vs full face

Here, too, the deciding question is usually the mouth. Fisher & Paykel’s fitting article says “a nasal mask could be the best option if you breathe through your nose during sleep”[4], while the AASM points to a full face mask when a nasal mask leaks[1]. Fig. 2 shows where a full face cushion seals and where it tends to leak.

Where a mask seals and where it leaksA face wearing a full face mask. A dashed line traces the seal around the cushion. Arrows mark the three common leak points: at the bridge of the nose toward the eyes, at the sides of the cushion, and at the lower lip and chin. Small dots at the elbow mark the vent, which lets breathed-out air escape on purpose.Bridge: air intothe eyesSides: creasedor skewed cushionVent: lets outexhaled airLip and chin- - seal line
Fig. 2A face wearing a full face mask. A dashed line traces the seal; arrows mark three common leak points: at the bridge of the nose toward the eyes, at the sides of the cushion, and at the lower lip. Small dots at the elbow mark the vent.

Footprint matters as well. In an article on pressure marks, Fisher & Paykel suggests considering masks with a smaller footprint, such as a nasal mask or a nasal pillows mask, if you are concerned about marks[6]. Side sleeping, facial hair and glasses all move the picture a little; see our guides for side sleepers and for a beard. Whichever type you try, sizes differ by family: the size chart guide links each maker’s own sizing guide.

Why a CPAP mask needs a prescription

In the US, a CPAP mask is regulated as part of a medical device, not sold as a comfort product. The FDA’s product classification database lists product code BZD, “ventilator, non-continuous (respirator)”, under regulation 21 CFR 868.5905, Device Class 2; among its recognized standards is ISO 17510 on masks and application accessories for sleep apnoea breathing therapy[7]. The regulation itself classifies the device as “Class II (performance standards)”[8]. The FDA’s recall entry for one maker’s masks describes them as “non-continuous ventilatory devices” intended for patients “who have been prescribed non-invasive positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy”[9]. That entry concerned magnetic clips, which our magnets guide explains.

Prescription devices are sold “only to or on the prescription or other order” of a licensed practitioner, and their label carries “Rx only” or a similar federal caution statement[10]. The Sleep Foundation puts the practical side simply: “CPAP masks technically require a prescription, but most suppliers will accept your CPAP prescription for both the machine and mask”[11].

So a change of type goes through your sleep doctor or equipment supplier. That is normal: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute says your provider “may ask you to try different masks or nasal pillows” if your mask does not stay on or fit well, or it leaks air[12]. We do not sell masks, and we never suggest buying one without a prescription.

Questions people ask

What are the main CPAP mask types?

Nasal masks cover the nose or sit under it, nasal pillows rest at the entrance of the nostrils, and full face masks cover the nose and mouth. Some full face masks sit under the nose and cover the mouth instead; these are often called hybrid or under-the-nose masks. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the makers group the last two together as full face.

Nasal pillow vs full face: what is the difference?

Nasal pillows seal at the nostrils and leave most of the face clear, but they rely on breathing through the nose. A full face mask covers the nose and mouth, so an open mouth does not let the air out, but it covers more of the face. Which one makes sense depends on how you breathe, how you sleep and how you feel about something on your face.

Nasal mask vs full face: which should I ask about?

The main question is whether you breathe through your mouth at night. Fisher & Paykel says a nasal mask could be the best option if you breathe through your nose, and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine says a full face mask may help if you have air leaks with a nasal mask. Ask your sleep doctor what your sleep study showed and take that to your supplier.

What is a hybrid CPAP mask?

It is a full face mask that covers the mouth and seals under the nose instead of over the bridge of the nose. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine describes a full face mask that may sit under your nose and cover your mouth. Nothing rests on the bridge of the nose, where glasses sit.

Do you need a prescription for a CPAP mask?

In the US, yes. Masks are prescription devices, and the Sleep Foundation notes that CPAP masks technically require a prescription, but most suppliers will accept your CPAP prescription for both the machine and the mask. Talk to your sleep doctor or supplier if you want to try another type.

Sources

  1. [1]
    American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), Sleep Education: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

    "The CPAP mask may cover only your nose or both your nose and mouth. Another option is to use nasal pillows, which fit in your nostrils. Some other masks fit snugly under your nose."; "The mask must make a seal in order to keep your airway open through the night."; "Your sleep doctor will determine the amount of air pressure needed"; nasal mask: "the most common type of CPAP mask"; full face: "may cover your nose and mouth or may sit under your nose and cover your mouth. This type of mask may help if you have air leaks when using a nasal mask."; nasal pillows: "may help if you have air leaks or don't like the feeling of a mask over your nose and face."; marks or sores "are often due to a poor mask fit"; "Make sure your mask straps aren't too tight. It also may be helpful to buy soft CPAP strap covers"; "If the mask is too big, the straps holding it to your face will need to be pulled tightly"; "A mask that is too small will not seal properly and air will leak out through the edges. The air may blow into your eyes."; "try using a special bed pillow that is shaped for a CPAP mask and tubing"; "Begin using your CPAP for short periods of time during the day while you watch TV or read."; "Clean your mask, tubing and headgear once a week."; "Sometimes a mask style change is necessary to prevent dry nose, mouth or sore throat." Read on 2026-10-10.

  2. [2]
    Fisher & Paykel Healthcare (manufacturer): Which type of CPAP mask is right for me?

    "Full-face (oronasal) masks seal directly around or under the nose and mouth"; "Nasal masks form a seal directly around or under the nose"; "Nasal pillows masks have prongs that fit directly into the nostrils"; questions to ask: "Do I breathe through my nose, mouth (or both) while sleeping?", "Are the insides of my nostrils sensitive?", "Will I feel claustrophobic if I have something covering or sitting on my face?" Read on 2026-10-10.

  3. [3]
    Fisher & Paykel Healthcare (manufacturer): What is the best nasal CPAP mask?

    "Nasal CPAP masks cover the nose or sit under the nose and are held in place with headgear straps."; "You may prefer a nasal CPAP mask if you: are an active sleeper; feel claustrophobic wearing a full-face mask; ... have a beard or goatee (but not a moustache); breathe through your nose when you sleep; prefer to sleep on your side." Read on 2026-10-10.

  4. [4]
    Fisher & Paykel Healthcare (manufacturer): How do I fit my CPAP mask correctly?

    "Your breathing style, sleep position and facial features can change the fit and seal of your mask."; "Aside from nasal pillows, most CPAP masks come with sizing guides"; "Loosen the straps, place them over your head and then tighten them gradually."; "Check that you can get one finger under each strap – loosen if necessary."; "Lie in your preferred sleeping position to make final adjustments."; "A too-tight mask can distort the shape of components and cause leaks."; "Use a barrier on your skin ... a barrier cream, mask liner or gel pad"; signs of a poor fit: air "around your eyes, nose or mouth", noise, pain, "excessive lines, red marks or bruises"; "A nasal mask could be the best option if you breathe through your nose during sleep."; "There's no one mask that's best for everyone."; a full-face mask has "straps typically around your head and chin"; a noisy mask "can be a sign of an insecure seal and air draft"; "ensure that the headgear is adjusted to the same setting on each side" Read on 2026-10-10.

  5. [5]
    Fisher & Paykel Healthcare (manufacturer): Troubleshooting guide for CPAP users

    "mouth breathers can experience aerophagia when they use nasal masks. If this is happening to you, consider changing your mask style or wearing a chin strap."; "Waking up with dry, irritated eyes is a sign of excessive mask leak."; "Test how it feels while lying in the position you normally sleep in."; claustrophobia: "You may be better suited to a nasal, nasal cradle or nasal pillows mask. These have less facial coverage"; "we are unable to provide you with medical advice".; aerophagia "causes gas, stomach aches, bloating and belching" and the advice is to "Check your CPAP pressure with your healthcare professional"; "An ill-fitting mask can cause unacceptable levels of air leakage and that too can have a drying effect."; skin problems from "a buildup of sweat, oil, and dead skin cells accumulating on your mask and tubing" Read on 2026-10-10.

  6. [6]
    Fisher & Paykel Healthcare (manufacturer): Why am I waking up with CPAP mask marks on my face?

    "If you are concerned about pressure marks, you may wish to consider using masks that have a smaller footprint on your face, such as a nasal mask and nasal pillows mask."; "Try not to overtighten your mask as this can cause leaks and marks on the face."; "A common cause of mask irritations and rashes is a buildup of bacteria created by dirt and oil from your skin." Read on 2026-10-10.

  7. [7]
    U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Product classification database, product code BZD

    Device "ventilator, non-continuous (respirator)", regulation number 868.5905, "Device Class 2", submission type 510(k); recognized standards include "ISO 17510 ... Medical devices - Sleep apnoea breathing therapy - Masks and application accessories". Read on 2026-10-10.

  8. [8]
    Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR): 21 CFR 868.5905, Noncontinuous ventilator (IPPB)

    "Classification. Class II (performance standards)." Read on 2026-10-10.

  9. [9]
    U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Recall of CPAP masks with magnets due to possible magnetic interference (recall entry)

    "this recall is a correction, not a product removal."; the masks "are non-continuous ventilatory devices, intended to be used by patients weighing more than 66 lbs. who have been prescribed non-invasive positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy"; "magnets on the lower headgear straps and frame connections"; "Keep the magnets at a safe distance of six inches (150 mm) away from implants or medical devices that could be affected by magnetic interference."; "Distribution Dates: January 2020 to November 20, 2023".; "While the existing label advises keeping magnets 2 inches away from affected medical devices, it doesn't list all the specific ones that could be affected" Read on 2026-10-10.

  10. [10]
    Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR): 21 CFR 801.109, Prescription devices

    A prescription device "is to be sold only to or on the prescription or other order of such practitioner" and its label bears "The symbol statement “Rx only” or “℞ only” or the statement “Caution: Federal law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a ___”". Read on 2026-10-10.

  11. [11]
    Sleep Foundation: Do you need a prescription for a CPAP machine?

    "You need a doctor's prescription to purchase a CPAP machine and face mask."; "CPAP masks technically require a prescription, but most suppliers will accept your CPAP prescription for both the machine and mask."; "you'll also need a CPAP prescription to purchase some CPAP accessories like masks and humidifiers." Read on 2026-10-10.

  12. [12]
    National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH: Living With Sleep Apnea

    Talk to your provider if "You feel claustrophobic or are bothered by the noise" or "Your mask does not stay on or fit well, or it leaks air"; "Your provider may ask you to try different masks or nasal pillows"; "Clean your mask and wash your face before you put on the mask."; "Be sure to refill prescriptions on time for all of the device's parts that need to be replaced regularly, including the tubes, masks, and air filters." Read on 2026-10-10.

Related guides

Last checked October 10, 2026. General information from official sources, not medical advice. Sleep apnea is diagnosed and treated by a doctor; do not change your pressure or settings yourself, and talk to your sleep doctor or equipment supplier before changing masks. CPAP masks are prescription devices; we sell nothing.